Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
(BPPV) Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
BPPV is an episodic condition that causes dizziness and vertigo. During a vertigo episode the symptoms last generally less than 1 minute. It is one of the most common causes of vertigo. BPPV is caused by crystals (otocponia) being present in the semi-circular canals of the inner ear. These crystals don’t belong in these canals and makes them sensitive to gravity. Due to this a person with BPPV can experience dizziness / vertigo symptoms as a result of head movements up or down, bending over, rolling over in bed or getting up from bed.
Symptoms of BPPV include:
- Dizziness
- Nausea/ Vomiting
- Light Headedness
- Heavy Head
- Poor postural stability and lack of balance.
How Can Physiotherapy Help?
This is also known as Vestibular Rehabilitation Therapy.
The Treatment will consist of specialised head movement manoeuvres including the Epley’s manoeuvre and BBQ Roll manoeuvre for example which can help in removing the crystals from the semi-circular canals. Research suggests these manoeuvres are very effective in curing true BPPV. These manoeuvres will be supplemented with an individualised Vestibular rehabilitation exercise programme to meet to goals and expectations of our patients. These exercises focus on the following 3 areas:
Habituation exercises focus mainly on dizziness. The exercises aim to reduce the frequency and strength of the dizzy spells over time. This is done by introducing light dizzy spells and increasing exposure to heavier ones, which in turn enables the brain to get used to dizziness and build a tolerance.
Gaze stabilization is used for patients who have difficulty controlling movements of their eyes, particularly when they are moving their head. A simple exercise for example would be to focus on a pen with your eyes and follow it around without head movements our aim it to improve visual acuity during head movement, and reducing the symptoms of dizziness and vertigo.
Balancing exercises will vary more widely on a case by case basis than habituation or gaze stabilization exercises carried out and what triggers the onset. The exercises required will depend on the stimulus that triggers the issue. The give a few examples you may have difficulty balancing when walking outside, inside or around obstacles.